Refrigeration inzira yekugadzira mamiriro ekutonhodza nekubvisa kupisa.Inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza chikafu nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoparara, kudzivirira zvirwere zvekudya.Inoshanda nekuti bhakitiriya kukura kunodzikiswa pane tembiricha yakaderera.
Nzira dzekuchengetedza chikafu nekutonhodza dzave dziri kwezviuru zvemakore, asi firiji yemazuva ano ichangoburwa.Nhasi, kudiwa kwefiriji uye air conditioning inomiririra inenge 20 muzana yesimba rinoshandiswa pasi rose, maererano ne2015 chinyorwa mu International Journal of Refrigeration.
Nhoroondo
MaChinese akacheka uye akachengeta aizi kutenderera 1000 BC, uye makore mazana mashanu gare gare, maEjipitori nemaIndia vakadzidza kusiya hari dzevhu kunze kwehusiku hunotonhora kuti vagadzire aizi, sekureva kwaKeep It Cool, kambani yekudziya nekutonhora iri muLake Park, Florida.Mamwe marudzi, akadai semaGiriki, vaRoma nevaHebheru, aichengeta sinou mumakomba ndokuafukidza nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzivirira, maererano nemagazini yeHistory.Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muEurope muzana remakore rechi17, saltpeter yakanyungudutswa mumvura yakawanikwa ichigadzira mamiriro ekutonhora uye yakashandiswa kugadzira aizi.Muzana remakore rechi18, vanhu vokuEurope vaiunganidza aizi muchando, voisa munyu, voiputira muflannel, voichengeta pasi pevhu kwayaichengeta kwemwedzi yakawanda.Ice yakatotumirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo pasi rose, maererano nenyaya ya2004 yakabudiswa mumagazini yeAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
Evaporative kutonhora
Pfungwa yefiriji yemuchina yakatanga apo William Cullen, chiremba wekuScotland, akaona kuti kubuda kwemhepo kwakakonzera kutonhora muma1720s.Akaratidza pfungwa dzake muna 1748 nekuputira ethyl ether muvacuum, maererano nePeak Mechanical Partnership, kambani yepombi dzemvura uye yekudziya yakavakirwa muSaskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Oliver Evans, muvambi wokuAmerica, akagadzira asi haana kugadzira muchina wefiriji wakashandisa mhute panzvimbo pemvura muna 1805. Muna 1820, musayendisiti wechiRungu Michael Faraday akashandisa ammonia yakanyungudutswa kuti itonhodze.Jacob Perkins, akashanda naEvans, akagamuchira patent ye vaporcompression cycle achishandisa liquid ammonia muna 1835, maererano neNhoroondo yeRefrigeration.Nokuda kweizvi, dzimwe nguva anonzi “baba vefiriji.” John Gorrie, mumwe chiremba wokuAmerica, akavakawo muchina wakafanana newakaitwa naEvans muna 1842. Gorrie akashandisa firiji yake, yaigadzira aizi, kutonhodza varwere vane yellow fever. muchipatara cheFlorida.Gorrie akagamuchira yekutanga US patent yenzira yake yekugadzira ice mu1851.
Vamwe vanogadzira pasirese vakaenderera mberi nekugadzira hutsva nekuvandudza hunyanzvi huripo hwefiriji, maererano nePeak Mechanical, kusanganisira:
Ferdinand Carré, injiniya wokuFrance, akagadzira firiji yaishandisa musanganiswa une ammonia nemvura muna 1859.
Carl von Linde, musayendisiti weGermany, akagadzira muchina unotakurika wecompressor firiji uchishandisa methyl ether muna 1873, uye muna 1876 akachinja kuita ammonia.Muna 1894, Linde akatangawo mitoo mitsva yokunwisa mhepo yakawanda.
1899, Albert T. Marshall, muumbi weAmerica, akapa patent yefiriji yekutanga.
Nyanzvi yefizikisi ine mukurumbira Albert Einstein akapa patent yefiriji muna 1930 nepfungwa yekugadzira firiji ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza isina zvikamu zvinofamba uye haina kuvimba nemagetsi.
Kukurumbira kwemafiriji ezvokutengeserana kwakakura nechokunopera kwezana remakore rechi19 nemhaka yekubika doro, maererano nePeak Mechanical, apo firiji yokutanga yakaiswa panzvimbo inobika doro muBrooklyn, New York, muna 1870. Pakasvika mavambo ezana ramakore, dzinenge nzvimbo dzose dzokubika doro. aiva nefiriji.
Indasitiri yekuisa nyama yakatevera nefiriji yekutanga yakaunzwa muChicago muna 1900, maererano nemagazini yeHistory, uye anenge makore gumi nemashanu gare gare, zvinenge zvirimwa zvese zvekuisa nyama zvakashandisa mafiriji. Mafiriji aionekwa seakakosha mudzimba kuma1920, uye inopfuura 90 muzana yemisha yeAmerica. aiva nefiriji.
Nhasi, dzinenge dzimba dzose muUnited States - 99 muzana - dzine kana firiji imwe chete, uye inenge 26 muzana yemisha yeUnited States ine zvinopfuura imwe chete, maererano nemushumo we2009 neUnited States of Energy.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-04-2022